"What is Chametz? (It’s not Yeast)
Chametz is any food that contains wheat, barley, oats, spelt, or
rye that has fermented. These particular grains will ferment by
themselves in the presence of water. This process can begin in as little
as 18 minutes.
Obvious foods such as breads, cakes, pastries, pasta, cookies,
crackers, pretzels, breaded foods, etc. must be consumed or disposed of
before Pesach. However, as we are not permitted to consume, derive a
benefit from or possess any chametz we need to look a bit further. As
such, to make sure that we have no chametz in our possession it is
important to review all packaged products or processed foods. If they
are not certified kosher for Passover, assume they are not. All raw
fruits, vegetables, nuts, and kosher meats are kosher for Pesach.
Sephardic Jews and now more and more Ashkenazi Jews do not remove or
limit the use of legumes (kitniyot) for Pesach.
But what about Yeast?
Ex 12:33-34, 39
(NASB 1995 update) 33 The Egyptians urged the people, to send them out
of the land in haste, for they said, “We will all be dead.” 34 So the
people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading
bowls bound up in the clothes on their shoulders. … 39 They baked the
dough which they had brought out of Egypt into cakes of unleavened
bread. For it had not become leavened, since they were driven out of
Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any provisions for
themselves.
Dt 16:3-4 (NASB 1995
update) 3 “You shall not eat leavened bread [Chametz] with it; seven
days you shall eat with it unleavened bread, [matzah] the bread of
affliction (for you came out of the land of Egypt in haste), so that you
may remember all the days of your life the day when you came out of the
land of Egypt. 4 “For seven days no leaven [Se’or] shall be seen with
you in all your territory, and none of the flesh which you sacrifice on
the evening of the first day shall remain overnight until morning.
Se’or is what is prohibited in our homes.
Yeast is natural occurring, living, microorganism which is everywhere.
It is what ferments wines, beers, grains, etc. As we know we can have
wine (as Yeshua and His disciples did at Pesach) we know that we can
have some forms of yeast. What we learn is that all se’or is yeast, but
not all yeast is se’or. (Just like all Levites are Hebrews but not all
Hebrews are Levites. They may be Gadites, Ephramites, Jews, etc..)
The passages in Ex and Dt show us that the only ingredients for the bread were a
fermentable grain,
water, heat, and a short period of time. The opportunity for the grain
to ferment after water was added over time is the key formulation. We
know that if we add yeast or a lump of fermented sour dough to
fermentable dough
it is immediately considered fermented and is by definition se’or.
Therefore, we know that yeast was not added. We also know that grains
such as corn, rice, etc. rot if water is added to them and they are
allowed to sit for a long period of time. They do not ferment on their
own over time. As such, it was not corn meal or rice cakes that they
were taking out of Egypt that did not have “time to leaven.” From this
we learn that those grains are not required to be removed from our
homes, even if they have been fermented with yeast. Conversely, we learn
that the five grains that ferment in the presence of water, if there is
any chance that they have been permitted to ferment since harvesting,
must be removed from our homes.
Brewers yeast is one exception. As it is a fermented barley it is by
definition chametz and all products that contain it must be removed for
Pesach.
Baking soda, leavening agents, etc are irrelevant at Pesach and do
not have to be removed from ones home, unless they are made from a
fermented grain.
Other areas of consideration:
- Pre-ground “raw” wheat flours are often presoaked in water before
grinding and may or may not be kosher for Pesach and do require
certification.
- Oats are can also be “heat-treated” to keep them from rotting. If
the “heat treatment” is done dry they are kosher for Pesach, however if
it is done with “wet steam” they may be chametz and do require
certification.
- Barley and “pearled barley” are kosher for Pesach and do not require certification.
- Sprouted Barley, barley malt, malt, malted barley, etc are by definition chametz.
- Unfortunately, grains are sometimes used in products such as
soda-pop and decaf coffee and are not listed in the ingredient list. Not
all soda-pop and decaf coffee are forbidden at Pesach but they do
require certification. However, because of the Ashkenazi limitation on
kitniyot which includes corn syrup, no soda-pops are currently certified
kosher for Pesach and therefore they should be removed and avoided
during Pesach.
- Beer, Whisky, grain alcohols, etc are by definition chametz and must be consumed or removed before Pesach.
- All alcohols and wines should be checked to make sure they are in
fact kosher for Pesach or they should be consumed or removed before
Pesach.
- Vinegar is a re-fermented alcohol. Malt vinegars are by definition
chametz as is any product containing malt as it is made from a fermented
barley. Wine, apple, and white distilled vinegars are usually fine for
Pesach. However, white distilled vinegars can be made from wheat which
would make it chametz and wine, apple and white distilled vinegars may
contain additives that are chametz or be made on equipment that also
processed chametz products such as malt vinegars. Care should be taken
to review all products that contain vinegar. Some authorities in the US
however do not have a problem with distilled vinegars as the majority of
them used in processing foods (such as pickles, ketchup, mustard,
olives, etc) or sold are made from corn and are therefore not chametz.
They may not contain a hechsher saying it is kosher for Pesach however,
because it does contain kitniyot which the Ashkenazi Jews avoid during
Pesach. Many people do not remove it from their homes, but avoid
consumption because of the vagaries surrounding products containing
vinegar. As such consult your local Orthodox Rabbi for a ruling.
- Girl Scout cookies are kosher, but they are not kosher for Pesach.
Be sure to check when they will be delivered so that you do not have
them delivered just before or during the week of Pesach before you order
them.
- For all corporate meals, congregational meals, or meals with guests,
it is best to adhere to the strictest standard which is to not use any
processed or packaged products unless they are marked kosher for Pesach.
As stated before raw fruits, vegetables, meats, nuts and certain grains
as noted are fine without a hechsher stating kosher for Pesach.
Cooking:
Cooking is permitted on festival Shabbats as long as the preparation
has begun before the festival Shabbat began, the “eruv tavshilin”
including the blessing, has been prepared before the festival. This
permits cooking on festival Shabbats for meals to be consumed on weekly
Shabbats that follow immediately after a festival Shabbat. Note that if a
day is available between the festival Shabbat and the weekly Shabbat,
cooking for the weekly Shabbat or the regular week day is prohibited on
the festival Shabbat.
Cooking is always prohibited on the weekly Shabbat. This is the case
even when a festival Shabbat follows immediately after the weekly
Shabbat. In that case the “eruv tavshilin” including the blessing, must
be prepared before the weekly Shabbat. Then after sunset on the weekly
Shabbat, the cooking of the meals for the festival Sabbath may resume.
Again, cooking on the festival Shabbat is limited to what will be
consumed on the festival Shabbat. Cooking for a meal on a regular week
day that follows the festival Shabbat is strictly prohibited.
Ex 12:14-16
14 ‘Now this day will be a memorial to you, and you shall celebrate it
as a feast to the Lord; throughout your generations you are to celebrate
it as a permanent ordinance. 15 ‘Seven days you shall eat unleavened
bread, but on the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses;
for whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh
day, that person shall be cut off from Israel. 16 ‘On the first day you
shall have a holy assembly, and another holy assembly on the seventh
day; no work at all shall be done on them, except what must be eaten by
every person, that alone may be prepared by you.
By reason of specific to general we see that because cooking is
permitted specifically on the festival Sabbaths of Pesach, cooking is
permitted on all festival Sabbaths (except Yom Kippur which is a fast
day.) By applying the 9th rule of Yishmael we see that the permission to
cook on a festival shabbat is a specification that is to provide a
leniency to a general prohibition.
Ex 16:4-5, 15-29 4
Then the Lord said to Moses, “Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for
you; and the people shall go out and gather a day’s portion every day,
that I may test them, whether or not they will walk in My instruction. 5
“On the sixth day, when they prepare what they bring in, it will be
twice as much as they gather daily.” (here we see that the preparation
is to take place on the sixth day. They are not permitted to gather it
or cook it on the seventh day, the weekly Shabbat.) … 15 When the sons
of Israel saw it, they said to one another, “What is it?” For they did
not know what it was. And Moses said to them, “It is the bread which the
Lord has given you to eat. 16 “This is what the Lord has commanded,
‘Gather of it every man as much as he should eat; you shall take an omer
apiece according to the number of persons each of you has in his tent.’
” 17 The sons of Israel did so, and some gathered much and some little.
18 When they measured it with an omer, he who had gathered much had no
excess, and he who had gathered little had no lack; every man gathered
as much as he should eat. 19 Moses said to them, “Let no man leave any
of it until morning.” 20 But they did not listen to Moses, and some left
part of it until morning, and it bred worms and became foul; and Moses
was angry with them. (cooked or raw it went bad by the following
morning.) 21 They gathered it morning by morning, every man as much as
he should eat; but when the sun grew hot, it would melt. 22 Now on the
sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers for each one.
(First we note they gathered twice as much on preparation day, but we
see that was not enough and Moses corrects them.) When all the leaders
of the congregation came and told Moses, 23 then he said to them, “This
is what the Lord meant: Tomorrow is a sabbath observance, a holy sabbath
to the Lord. Bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil, (all
of it on preparation day) and all that is left over put aside to be kept
until morning.” (what was not consumed is to be set aside. They are not
to set it aside raw as tomorrow is a Shabbat observance, a holy Shabbat
to HaShem.) 24 So they put it aside until morning, as Moses had
ordered, and it did not become foul nor was there any worm in it. 25
Moses said, “Eat it today, (There is no permission to cook it. Cooking
on a weekly Shabbat is strictly prohibited. That is why there is a
leniency provided for festival Shabbats.) for today is a sabbath to the
Lord; today you will not find it in the field. 26 “Six days you shall
gather it, but on the seventh day, the sabbath, there will be none.” 27
It came about on the seventh day that some of the people went out to
gather, but they found none. 28 Then the Lord said to Moses, “How long
do you refuse to keep My commandments and My instructions? 29 “See, the
Lord has given you the sabbath; therefore He gives you bread (the word
here is lechem, inferring cooked manna as it is in the form of a food
stuff, not raw.) for two days on the sixth day. Remain every man in his
place; let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.”
On the Pashat (plain meaning) of the text we see that cooking is strictly prohibited on all weekly Shabbats.
As cooking is permitted on festival Shabbats for food to be consumed
on the festival Shabbat, it is customary to bless HaShem for such a
privilege and to show recognition of the keeping of the commandment not
to cook on the weekly Shabbat. In blessing HaShem before the festival
Shabbat, with the comingling of foods, we are setting apart the festival
Shabbat and showing that we are keeping it holy by not doing general
cooking for regular week days."
http://jerusalemcouncil.org/halacha/kashrut/chametz-not-yeast/